Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can have serious environmental and health impacts. Therefore, it is important to accurately measure the concentration of cadmium in various materials, including mineral concentrates. Cadmium assay for concentrates typically involves a variety of methods, including spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The choice of method depends on factors such as the concentration of cadmium in the sample, the presence of other elements or compounds that may interfere with the analysis, and the desired level of accuracy. Accurate cadmium assay is critical for ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and for understanding the potential health risks associated with the use and disposal of cadmium-containing materials.

Several methods are used for cadmium assaying in concentrates, each with its own working range and level of sensitivity. Some common cadmium assay methodologies with their corresponding working ranges:

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS): AAS is a more used method for cadmium analysis, particularly for low to mid-range concentrations. The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) are the two most common types of AAS used for cadmium assay.

For GFAAS, the working range for cadmium is typically between 0.05-10 μg/g, while for FAAS the working range is generally between 0.1-10 μg/g. The choice of AAS method and working range depends on factors such as the concentration of cadmium in the sample, the presence of other elements or compounds that may interfere with the analysis, and the desired level of accuracy.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES): ICP-OES is a powerful analytical technique that can detect a wide range of elements, including cadmium. The working range for ICP-OES is typically between 0.01-50 μg/g.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): ICP-MS is a highly sensitive method that can detect very low levels of cadmium. The working range for ICP-MS is typically between 0.001-10 μg/g.

The working range for each method can vary depending on the specific instrument, sample preparation method, and other factors. It is important to select the appropriate method and working range based on the specific sample matrix and analytical requirements.